Chapter 1: IoT Fundamentals & Core Concepts 12 Questions
Question 1.1
What is IIoT?
A.Information Internet of Things
B. Innovative Internet of Things
C. Industrial Internet of Things
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C – Industrial Internet of Things
IIoT stands for Industrial Internet of Things, which refers to the use of IoT technologies specifically in industrial settings such as manufacturing, energy, and logistics. Options A and B are fabricated expansions that do not correspond to any recognized standard abbreviation.
Question 1.2
IoT Term was coined by
A.Kevin Ashton
B.Doug Cutting
C.Mike Cafarella
D.None of the above
Correct Answer: A – Kevin Ashton
Kevin Ashton, a British technology pioneer, first used the term “Internet of Things” in 1999 while working at Procter & Gamble. Doug Cutting and Mike Cafarella are co-creators of Apache Hadoop, which is unrelated to the coining of the IoT term.
Question 1.3
Which is one of the key characteristics of IoT, where devices have different hardware platforms and networks?
A.Sensors
B.Heterogeneity
C.Security
D.Connectivity
Correct Answer: B – Heterogeneity
Heterogeneity refers to the diversity of IoT devices — they differ in hardware platforms, operating systems, and network protocols. This diversity is a defining characteristic of the IoT ecosystem. Sensors are components, not characteristics; security is a challenge; connectivity is an enabler but does not describe the diversity of platforms.
Question 1.4
Which is/are the components of IoT?
A.Platform
B.Hardware
C.Firmware
D.All of them
Correct Answer: D – All of them
An IoT system is composed of hardware (physical devices and sensors), firmware (embedded software running on the device), and platforms (middleware that manages connectivity, data, and applications). All three are essential components.
Question 1.5
Which one is not an element of IoT?
A.People
B.Process
C.Security
D.Things
Correct Answer: C – Security
The four core elements of IoT are People, Process, Data, and Things (sometimes referred to as the 4 pillars). Security is a concern or requirement within IoT, not a foundational element/pillar of its definition. People, Process, and Things are all recognized elements in IoT frameworks like Cisco’s IoT definition.
Question 1.6
What is the good use of IoT?
A.Predictive Maintenance
B.System Failure
C.Post Failure Maintenance
D.Only for cost reduction
Correct Answer: A – Predictive Maintenance
Predictive Maintenance uses IoT sensor data to predict equipment failures before they occur, enabling proactive servicing. System Failure is an outcome to be prevented, not a use. Post Failure Maintenance is reactive and not a benefit of IoT. IoT has many uses beyond only cost reduction.
Question 1.7
Which among is a challenge faced by IoT industry?
A.ROI, Security and lack of standards
B.Hardware becoming cheaper and more powerful
C.Penetration of internet and advancement in AI
D.None
Correct Answer: A – ROI, Security and lack of standards
The IoT industry is challenged by uncertain Return on Investment (ROI), security vulnerabilities, and the absence of unified standards. Options B and C are actually enabling factors/opportunities, not challenges — cheaper hardware and AI advancement help IoT grow.
Question 1.8
What is the importance of standardization with IoT?
A.To lower price of devices
B.To get long lasting products
C.To customize designs
D.To ensure products/networks connect over with same protocol
Correct Answer: D – To ensure products/networks connect over with same protocol
Standardization in IoT ensures interoperability — devices from different manufacturers can communicate using the same protocols. Lowering prices, longevity, and customization are not the primary purpose of standardization.
Question 1.9
The huge number of devices connected to the Internet of Things have to communicate automatically, not via humans. What is it called?
A.Bot to Bot (B2B)
B.Intercloud
C.Machine to Machine (M2M)
D.Skynet
Correct Answer: C – Machine to Machine (M2M)
M2M communication is the automated exchange of data between devices without human intervention. B2B is a business model term; Intercloud refers to cloud federation; Skynet is a fictional concept.
Question 1.10
Which of below is NOT TRUE with respect to IoT?
A.Security is a huge umbrella, but it’s paramount in Internet of Things connectivity.
B.Bandwidth on a cellular is expensive, with many IoT devices
C.IoT is a paradigm that involves ubiquitous presence in the environment of different things that are using wireless and wire networks
D.None of the above
Correct Answer: D – None of the above
“None of the above” means all three statements (A, B, C) are TRUE. Security is indeed paramount, cellular bandwidth is costly for many IoT deployments, and the definition of IoT as a ubiquitous paradigm using wired/wireless networks is standard. So there is nothing false to identify — hence D.
Question 1.11
Which of below is NOT TRUE about the IoT ecosystem?
A.Google Home, or Apple HomePod, takes in the user’s voice to control the devices.
B.In IoT ecosystem, each object represents a node in a virtual network, which continuously transmit data
C.Continuous transmission of data is called as Code halo
D.BoT stands for Business of Things in IoT
Correct Answer: D – BoT stands for Business of Things in IoT
BoT does NOT stand for “Business of Things.” In the IoT context, BoT stands for Behavior of Things, or more commonly refers to a software robot (bot). Options A, B, and C are all valid statements. Code halo refers to the stream of digital data generated by a person, organization, or device.
Question 1.12
IoT processing uses databases as
A.Only SQL
B.Only No-SQL
C.Both SQL and No-SQL
D.Only JSON
Correct Answer: C – Both SQL and No-SQL
IoT generates both structured (SQL) and unstructured (NoSQL) data. Relational databases are used for transactional records; NoSQL databases (like MongoDB, Cassandra) handle large volumes of unstructured sensor data. JSON is a data format, not a database type.
Chapter 2: IoT Architecture & Communication Flow 5 Questions
Question 2.1
Put in the correct order for the communication flow in IoT Ecosystem?
A. Send to Cloud B. Process with Ambient info C. Collect Sensor Information D. Trigger Actuator
A.C → A → B → D
B.A → B → D → C
C.D → B → C → A
D.C → D → A → B
Correct Answer: A – C → A → B → D
The logical IoT flow is: (C) Collect sensor data → (A) Send to Cloud → (B) Process with ambient/contextual information → (D) Trigger the actuator to act. Options B, C, and D present illogical orderings (e.g., triggering actuator before collecting data).
Question 2.2
Communication flow in entire IoT architecture starts with
A.Collecting data by sensors
B.Posting data on cloud
C.Trigger activation
D.None
Correct Answer: A – Collecting data by sensors
In any IoT architecture, the data lifecycle always begins at the edge with sensors collecting physical-world data. Only after data is collected can it be sent to the cloud or trigger actions.
Question 2.3
Which among the following is not a part of end-to-end IoT ecosystem?
A.Node
B.Gateway
C.Cloud
D.None
Correct Answer: D – None
“None” means all the other options (Node, Gateway, Cloud) ARE part of the end-to-end IoT ecosystem. The IoT ecosystem consists of nodes (devices/sensors), gateways (intermediaries), and the cloud (data processing/storage). All three are integral layers.
Question 2.4
What is the size of IPv6 address?
A.32 bits
B.64 bits
C.128 bits
D.256 bits
Correct Answer: C – 128 bits
IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, providing a vastly larger address space than IPv4 (which uses 32 bits). IPv6 is crucial for IoT because the number of connected devices far exceeds the address capacity of IPv4. 64-bit and 256-bit are not standard IP address sizes.
Question 2.5
Global Sensor Network is built for _________
A.Reducing cost and time for development
B.Reducing cost and increasing time for development
C.Increasing cost and increasing time for development
D.Increasing cost and decreasing time for development
Correct Answer: A – Reducing cost and time for development
A Global Sensor Network aims to leverage shared infrastructure to reduce both development costs and time-to-market. Options B, C, and D suggest increasing cost or time, which contradicts the purpose of a networked sensor ecosystem.
Chapter 3: IoT Applications & Use Cases 10 Questions
Question 3.1
One of the leading Laptop Manufacturing Company, DELTA systems, is shifting from linear, sequential supply chain operations to an interconnected, open system of supply operations. The ecosystem it is setting up involves:
A.Operation — inventory and planning
B.Financials
C.Supply chain management
D.All the above
Correct Answer: D – All the above
Transitioning to an interconnected open supply system encompasses inventory and planning (operations), financial visibility (financials), and end-to-end supply chain management. A true IoT-enabled digital transformation covers all these domains simultaneously.
Question 3.2
Which possibility in IoT connects the production line to suppliers?
A.Transportation and logistics
B.Energy and utilities
C.Automotive
D.Connected supply chain
Correct Answer: D – Connected supply chain
The Connected Supply Chain IoT use case integrates production lines with suppliers, enabling real-time inventory and demand signals. Transportation focuses on goods movement; Energy on consumption; Automotive on vehicles — none of these directly link the production floor to suppliers.
Question 3.3
Retail Establishment “Star Market” needs to create demand-aware warehouse fulfillment using IoT. Which of the following use cases may NOT be considered for design?
A.IoT allows monitoring sales opportunities in real time and tracking missed in-store sales
B.RFID can be used for inventory management and more accurate service-level optimization
C.Distribution center or warehouse is organized by aisles and shelves based on a fixed schematic
D.Announce events to customers via their mobile devices
Correct Answer: D – Announce events to customers via their mobile devices
Customer-facing event announcements are a marketing activity, not a warehouse fulfillment use case. Options A, B, and C are all directly relevant to demand-aware warehouse management — real-time tracking, RFID inventory, and warehouse layout optimization are core fulfillment activities.
Question 3.4
There’s a fire in a “Smart” commercial building, and all the doors are unlocked automatically. Arrange the sequence in order:
a. Central system opens all doors via access control b. Send notification to fire brigade c. Fire alarm sensors send data to central system
A.a → b → c
B.a → c → b
C.c → a → b
D.b → c → a
Correct Answer: C – c → a → b
The logical IoT smart building fire sequence is: (c) Sensors detect fire and send data to the central system → (a) Central system opens all doors → (b) Notification is sent to fire brigade. You cannot open doors or notify anyone before the system receives the sensor alert.
Question 3.5
A Mobile App is to be built to help farmers as part of Smart Agriculture IoT. Which features need to be implemented?
a. Monitoring of climate conditions b. Greenhouse automation c. Cattle monitoring d. Cloud seeding
A.All the above
B.Only a, b and d
C.Only a and b
D.Only a, b and c
Correct Answer: D – Only a, b and c
Climate monitoring, greenhouse automation, and cattle management are all standard Smart Agriculture IoT use cases. Cloud seeding is a weather modification technique that is not an IoT application and falls outside the jurisdiction of a mobile farming app.
Question 3.6
“Smart Solutions” and “Handy Assistant” both offer Smart Home Kits. “Smart Solutions” is more reliable; “Handy Assistant” is more power consuming. What could have gone wrong with “Handy Assistant”?
A.Usage of Sensors in its products
B.Usage of WiFi for device to device communication
C.Usage of MQTT for device to Cloud communication
D.Usage of ZigBee for device to device communication
Correct Answer: B – Usage of WiFi for device to device communication
WiFi is a high-power protocol, unsuitable for low-power smart home device-to-device communication. ZigBee and BLE are purpose-built low-power alternatives for smart home devices. Sensors and MQTT are standard components. Using WiFi for D2D communication in a smart home would significantly increase power consumption, explaining “Handy Assistant’s” problem.
Question 3.7
Most common IoT application for voice control are ___________
A.Home security
B.Family health monitoring
C.Home security and health monitoring
D.Business
Correct Answer: C – Home security and health monitoring
Voice-controlled IoT systems (like Amazon Alexa, Google Home) are most commonly used for home automation including home security (locks, cameras) and health monitoring (reminders, medical devices). Choosing only one domain (A or B) is incomplete; business is not the primary consumer use case.
Question 3.8
Health Care Solution Provider “Secure Health” is designing solutions for a gated community Hospital. Which feature may NOT come under its jurisdiction?
A.Wearable App Monitoring for remote patient health
B.Healthcare apps to provide regular variation in patient health
C.Solutions for analyzing patient data
D.Monitor the location of registered patients, anytime, anywhere
Correct Answer: D – Monitor the location of registered patients, anytime, anywhere
Tracking patient location “anytime, anywhere” raises serious privacy concerns and is not within the typical jurisdictional scope of a hospital healthcare solution. Options A, B, and C are standard, legitimate hospital IoT use cases — remote monitoring, health tracking, and data analytics are all appropriate.
Question 3.9
In the City of London, the government asked a recycling firm to stop a test project using connected recycling bins. What could be the reason?
A.There were fears of radio-wave exposure
B.The bins were tracking people’s smartphones
C.The bins used too much electricity
D.(No option D)
Correct Answer: B – The bins were tracking people’s smartphones
This is a real incident (2013, Renew London). The connected bins captured MAC addresses of nearby smartphones to track pedestrian movement, raising serious privacy concerns. The City of London Corporation ordered the project halted due to privacy violations, not radio exposure or electricity use.
Question 3.10
What is NOT TRUE in the below IoT ecosystem statements?
A.Connected supply chain connects the production line to suppliers
B.Plant control flow operation provides inter connectivity between shop floor and top floor
C.Connected supply chain ensures load balancing and peak levelling of energy consumption
D.Transportation and logistics is highest contributor to cost overhead for manufacturing facilities
Correct Answer: D – Transportation and logistics is highest contributor to cost overhead
This is NOT true — energy management/operations is typically the highest cost overhead in manufacturing, not transportation & logistics. Options A and B are standard IoT manufacturing ecosystem facts. Option C is also valid — smart energy management via IoT does ensure load balancing.
Chapter 4: Wireless Communication Protocols (Bluetooth, ZigBee, BLE, LPWAN) 14 Questions
Question 4.1
Bluetooth Range (Class 1)
A.10 Km
B.50–500 meters
C.20–200 meters
D.10–100 meters
Correct Answer: D – 10–100 meters
Bluetooth Class 1 devices transmit at up to 100 mW and have a range of approximately 10–100 meters (with optimal conditions reaching ~100m). Class 2 operates at ~10m and Class 3 at ~1m. 10 km is unrealistic for Bluetooth; 50–500m relates more to Zigbee/WiFi ranges.
Question 4.2
Bluetooth operates on
A.2.4 GHz ISM band
B.5 MHz
C.3.3 GHz
D.1.5 GHz
Correct Answer: A – 2.4 GHz ISM band
Bluetooth uses the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) unlicensed radio band, the same band as WiFi 802.11b/g/n and ZigBee. 5 MHz, 3.3 GHz, and 1.5 GHz are not Bluetooth frequency bands.
Question 4.3
ZigBee networks are extendable networks
A.TRUE
B.FALSE
Correct Answer: A – TRUE
ZigBee uses a mesh network topology, meaning nodes relay data through each other, making the network inherently extendable. Adding more nodes extends both coverage and reliability. This is one of ZigBee’s key advantages for IoT deployments.
Question 4.4
Which topology is NOT supported by ZigBee?
A.Star
B.Tree
C.Mesh
D.Bus
Correct Answer: D – Bus
ZigBee supports Star, Tree (cluster-tree), and Mesh topologies. Bus topology is a wired LAN concept (used in older Ethernet networks) and is not supported by ZigBee, which is a wireless standard. Mesh is actually ZigBee’s most powerful topology.
Question 4.5
Security protocol in ZigBee is based on
A.64 and 128 bit encryption
B.128 AES plus application layer security
C.Both A and B
D.None of these
Correct Answer: B – 128 AES plus application layer security
ZigBee’s security framework uses 128-bit AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption at the network layer, combined with application-layer security. ZigBee does not use 64-bit encryption as a standard; “Both A and B” is incorrect because 64-bit encryption is not part of ZigBee’s official security model.
Question 4.6
ZigBee Alliance is…
A.A and B only (Non-profit Association + provides interoperability and conformance testing)
B.A, B and C
C.A and C only
D.(No option)
Correct Answer: A – A and B only
The ZigBee Alliance (now the Connectivity Standards Alliance) is a non-profit organization that provides interoperability testing and conformance specifications. It does NOT sell ZigBee products — it is a standards body, not a product vendor. Hence C is false and A+B only is correct.
Question 4.7
ZigBee Profile specifies
A.Functional domains
B.Application domains
C.ZigBee alliance
D.None of these
Correct Answer: B – Application domains
A ZigBee Profile defines the application domain — e.g., Home Automation Profile, Smart Energy Profile, Health Care Profile. These profiles specify how devices within a specific application domain should behave and communicate. “Functional domains” is a loose term not specific to ZigBee.
Question 4.8
Which is true with respect to ZigBee Pro?
A.Addressing and routing are more scalable
B.Security more robust
C.Multicast included
D.All the above
Correct Answer: D – All the above
ZigBee Pro is an enhanced version of the standard ZigBee specification offering: more scalable addressing and routing (supports larger networks), more robust security (symmetric key), and multicast messaging. All three enhancements are part of the ZigBee Pro feature set.
Question 4.9
SIG is
A.Small Investment Group
B.Small Ideas Group
C.Special Interest Group
D.Special Involvement Group
Correct Answer: C – Special Interest Group
In the context of Bluetooth, SIG stands for Special Interest Group — the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (Bluetooth SIG) is the organization that oversees Bluetooth standards. It is neither an investment group nor an ideas group.
Question 4.10
tBLE (BLE) is the wireless technology for
A.Local area network
B.Personal area network
C.Both a and b
D.None of the mentioned
Correct Answer: B – Personal area network
BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) is designed for Personal Area Networks (PAN), covering short distances (typically up to 50m). It is not a LAN technology — LAN covers larger areas (office floors) and is typically WiFi or Ethernet. BLE is specifically optimized for low-power, short-range personal device connectivity.
Question 4.11
BLE is limited to
A.50m range and 0.27 Mbps
B.200m range and 0.37 Mbps
C.10m range and 0.01 Mbps
D.500m range and 1.37 Mbps
Correct Answer: A – 50m range and 0.27 Mbps
BLE (Bluetooth 4.0+) has a typical effective range of ~50 meters and a data rate of approximately 0.27 Mbps (270 kbps). It trades data rate and range for extremely low power consumption, making it ideal for IoT sensor devices.
Question 4.12
Which one of these is a RF (Radio Frequency) protocol?
A.MODBUS
B.CAN
C.HTTP
D.ZigBee
Correct Answer: D – ZigBee
ZigBee is a wireless RF protocol operating in the 2.4 GHz band. MODBUS is a serial communication protocol (wired), CAN (Controller Area Network) is a vehicle/industrial wired bus, and HTTP is an application-layer internet protocol — none are RF protocols.
Question 4.13
What does LPWAN stand for?
A.Low Power Width Antenna Network
B.Least Protocol Wide Area Network
C.Low Power Wireless Area Network
D.Low Power Wide Area Network
Correct Answer: D – Low Power Wide Area Network
LPWAN stands for Low Power Wide Area Network — a class of wireless networks (LoRa, SigFox, NB-IoT) designed for IoT devices that need long range (km) with very low power consumption. The term “Wide Area” is key — covering large geographic areas. Options A, B, and C misrepresent the acronym.
Question 4.14
Swirl Networks found that 70%+ of shoppers increased likelihood to purchase using beacon-triggered offers. Which IoT protocol do Beacons use?
A.Bluetooth / BLE
B.ZigBee
C.Z-wave
D.MQTT
Correct Answer: A – Bluetooth / BLE
Retail beacons (iBeacon by Apple, Eddystone by Google) use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to broadcast signals to nearby smartphones. ZigBee and Z-wave are primarily home automation protocols; MQTT is a messaging protocol, not a physical radio protocol for beacons.
Chapter 5: IoT Messaging Protocols (MQTT & CoAP) 6 Questions
Question 5.1
MQTT, ZigBEE, LoRA, CoAP are
A.Communication Protocols
B.IoT Platforms
C.Cloud service providers
D.None
Correct Answer: A – Communication Protocols
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), ZigBee, LoRa (Long Range), and CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) are all communication/messaging protocols used in IoT ecosystems. They are not platforms or cloud providers.
Question 5.2
What best describes MQTT protocol?
A.Mesh
B.Publish/Subscribe
C.Request/Response
D.None
Correct Answer: B – Publish/Subscribe
MQTT is a lightweight Publish/Subscribe messaging protocol. Publishers send messages to a broker on topics; subscribers receive messages from those topics. It is not a mesh topology protocol, and unlike HTTP, it does not use Request/Response pattern.
Question 5.3
___ is a publish/Subscribe protocol
A.MQTT
B.CoAP
C.BLE
D.SigFox
Correct Answer: A – MQTT
MQTT is the canonical publish/subscribe protocol for IoT. CoAP uses a request/response model similar to HTTP. BLE is a radio technology, not a messaging protocol. SigFox is a LPWAN radio access network, not a messaging protocol.
Question 5.4
CoAP is specialized in ___________
A.Internet applications
B.Device applications
C.Wireless applications
D.Wired applications
Correct Answer: A – Internet applications
CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) is a specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and networks in IoT, designed to work over the internet (UDP-based, similar to HTTP but lighter). It is not limited to wireless or wired only — it works over any network.
Question 5.5
CoAP does not provide any security.
A.TRUE
B.FALSE
Correct Answer: B – FALSE
CoAP does provide security. It uses DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security) for encryption and authentication. So the statement “CoAP does not provide any security” is FALSE. DTLS in CoAP provides confidentiality, integrity, and authentication similar to TLS in HTTP.
Question 5.6
Choose incorrect statement about UART:
A.UART is a small, efficient communication device, similar to I2C
B.UART communication can be Simplex, half duplex, full duplex
C.UART is similar to MQTT
D.UART is used for conversion between serial and parallel forms
Correct Answer: C – UART is similar to MQTT
UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a hardware serial communication protocol at the physical/data-link level. MQTT is an application-layer messaging protocol. Comparing them is incorrect — they operate at completely different protocol layers. Options A, B, and D are all valid statements about UART.
Chapter 6: Sensors & Actuators 14 Questions
Question 6.1
Gyroscope is used to measure
A.Linear Acceleration
B.Angular velocity
C.Angular velocity and linear acceleration
D.Linear velocity
Correct Answer: B – Angular velocity
A gyroscope measures angular velocity (rate of rotation around an axis). Linear acceleration is measured by an accelerometer. A combined IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) can measure both, but the gyroscope alone only measures rotation rate.
Question 6.2
Gyroscope is used in
A.3D mouse
B.DashPot
C.Both
D.None
Correct Answer: A – 3D mouse
3D mice use gyroscopes to detect rotational movement in 3D space. A DashPot (also called a dashpot) is a mechanical damper that provides resistance proportional to velocity — it does not use a gyroscope. Therefore, only a 3D mouse is the correct application.
Question 6.3
Which sensor is used to detect the orientation of the phone?
A.Gyroscope
B.Accelerometer
C.Pressure
D.Proximity
Correct Answer: B – Accelerometer
The accelerometer detects the direction of gravity to determine phone orientation (portrait/landscape). While gyroscopes measure rotation rate, the accelerometer is what detects static orientation by measuring gravitational force direction. Pressure sensors detect atmospheric pressure; proximity sensors detect nearby objects.
Question 6.4
Which sensor is used for tracking rotation or twist in any device?
A.Gyroscope
B.Accelerometer
C.Pressure
D.Proximity
Correct Answer: A – Gyroscope
The gyroscope specifically tracks rotation and twist (angular changes) in any device. This is its primary purpose — measuring angular velocity around one or more axes. Accelerometers measure linear forces, not rotational motion.
Question 6.5
Accelerometer is the measurement of ________
A.Velocity/time
B.Energy/time
C.Height/time
D.Angle/time
Correct Answer: A – Velocity/time
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity over time (Δvelocity/time). An accelerometer measures this acceleration. Energy/time = power; Height/time = vertical velocity; Angle/time = angular velocity (measured by gyroscope). Hence velocity/time (acceleration) is the correct answer.
Question 6.6
Two important pieces of an Accelerometer
A.Piezoelectric effect and the capacitor sensor
B.Piezoelectric effect and Digital display
C.Capacitor sensor and Digital Display
D.Digital Display and Analog display
Correct Answer: A – Piezoelectric effect and the capacitor sensor
Accelerometers work using two main technologies: (1) Piezoelectric — where mechanical stress produces an electric signal, and (2) Capacitive — where a change in capacitance due to movement is measured. A digital display is an output device, not a measurement component of an accelerometer.
Question 6.7
Accelerometers are likewise used in cars as the industry method of detecting car crashes and deploying airbags almost instantaneously
A.TRUE
B.FALSE
Correct Answer: A – TRUE
This is a well-established automotive application. Accelerometers (MEMS-based) detect the rapid deceleration signature of a collision and trigger airbag deployment within milliseconds. This is one of the most critical safety applications of accelerometers in modern vehicles.
Question 6.8
Which of these is a thermally sensitive resistor?
A.Thermistor
B.Thermocouple
C.Semiconductor
D.Resistance Thermometer
Correct Answer: A – Thermistor
A thermistor (thermal resistor) is a type of resistor whose resistance changes significantly with temperature. A thermocouple generates a voltage from temperature differences between two dissimilar metals. A semiconductor is a broad material category. An RTD (Resistance Thermometer) also changes resistance but is not called a “thermistor” — thermistors have much more sensitivity.
Question 6.9
LM35 is
A.Pressure sensor
B.Humidity sensor
C.Temperature sensor
D.Touch sensor
Correct Answer: C – Temperature sensor
The LM35 is a popular precision integrated-circuit temperature sensor. It outputs an analog voltage linearly proportional to temperature in degrees Celsius. It is widely used in Arduino/IoT projects for temperature monitoring.
Question 6.10
Electric motor protection requires which sensor to verify if temperature is exceeding its limits?
A.Pressure sensor
B.Touch sensor
C.Temperature sensor
D.Humidity sensor
Correct Answer: A – Pressure sensor
Note: The question asks about “verifying temperature limits” which would logically suggest a temperature sensor (C). However, the documented correct answer from the source is A (Pressure sensor), which may reflect the specific curriculum context where motor winding protection uses pressure/thermal protection relays. Accept as per source — the answer provided in the exam dump is A.
Question 6.11
Other name for tactile sensor is
A.Pressure sensor
B.Humidity sensor
C.Touch sensor
D.Temperature sensor
Correct Answer: C – Touch sensor
“Tactile” comes from the Latin “tactus” meaning touch. A tactile sensor detects contact or touch — hence it is synonymously called a touch sensor. It is distinct from a pressure sensor (which measures force per area) or humidity/temperature sensors.
Question 6.12
Which sensor measures the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure?
A.Absolute pressure sensor
B.Gauge pressure sensor
C.Vacuum pressure sensor
D.Differential pressure sensor
Correct Answer: D – Differential pressure sensor
A differential pressure sensor measures the pressure difference between two points, which could be relative to atmospheric pressure. A gauge pressure sensor measures relative to atmospheric too, but the correct answer per the document is D. Absolute pressure measures against absolute zero pressure; vacuum measures sub-atmospheric levels.
Question 6.13
For any sensor device, key design lies in
A.A, B and C (low-cost, low-battery life, small foot-print)
B.A and B only
C.A and C only (low-cost and small foot-print)
D.(No option)
Correct Answer: C – A and C only (low-cost and small foot-print)
Key design goals for IoT sensor devices are low cost (for mass deployment) and small footprint (for embedding anywhere). “Low battery life” (Option B) is actually a negative characteristic — the design goal is long battery life, not low battery life. Hence B is excluded; A (low-cost) and C (small footprint) are the correct design parameters.
Question 6.14
HVAC includes
A.Heating, Home control, ventilation, air conditioning
B.Home control, ventilation, air conditioning
C.Ventilation, air conditioning, smart metering
D.Ventilation, air conditioning, heating
Correct Answer: D – Ventilation, air conditioning, heating
HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. “Home control” is not part of the HVAC acronym, and “smart metering” is a separate IoT concept. Options A and B incorrectly include “Home control”; Option C replaces heating with smart metering, which is wrong.
Chapter 7: Cloud Computing, Big Data & IoT Platforms 12 Questions
Question 7.1
Cloud Services consists of
A.Only Hardware as IaaS
B.Only Platform as PaaS
C.Only Software as SaaS
D.All of them
Correct Answer: D – All of them
Cloud computing is broadly categorized into three service models: IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service — hardware/compute), PaaS (Platform as a Service — development environments), and SaaS (Software as a Service — end-user applications). Together they form the complete cloud service stack.
Question 7.2
SaaS stands for __________
A.Service as a Smartphone
B.Service as a software
C.Smartphone as a service
D.Software as a Service
Correct Answer: D – Software as a Service
SaaS = Software as a Service. In this model, cloud providers deliver applications over the internet, eliminating the need for users to install or maintain software (e.g., Gmail, Salesforce, Office 365). Options A, B, and C are incorrect orderings of the words.
Question 7.3
Cloud services are different as IoT Platforms for IoT Ecosystems
A.TRUE
B.FALSE
Correct Answer: A – TRUE
Cloud services (IaaS/PaaS/SaaS) and IoT Platforms are distinct. IoT Platforms are specialized middleware that manages device connectivity, data ingestion, device management, and application enablement specifically for IoT — they sit on top of cloud infrastructure but add IoT-specific capabilities that generic cloud services lack.
Question 7.4
Which of these is an IoT Platform?
A.Xively
B.AWS IoT
C.ThingSpeak
D.All the above
Correct Answer: D – All the above
Xively (by LogMeIn), AWS IoT (Amazon), and ThingSpeak (MathWorks) are all IoT platforms. They provide cloud infrastructure for connecting, managing, and processing data from IoT devices. All three are valid examples of IoT platforms.
Question 7.5
IoT Platform is used as
A.Connectivity management
B.Application management software
C.Device management software
D.All of them
Correct Answer: D – All of them
An IoT Platform serves as a comprehensive middleware — it handles connectivity management (network & protocol bridging), device management (provisioning, monitoring, firmware updates), and application management (data analytics, APIs). It is not limited to just one of these functions.
Question 7.6
Which of the following cloud concept is related to pooling and sharing of resources?
A.Polymorphism
B.Abstraction
C.Virtualization
D.None of the mentioned
Correct Answer: C – Virtualization
Virtualization enables the pooling of physical hardware resources (compute, storage, networking) to be shared among multiple virtual machines and users. This is the foundation of cloud computing’s multi-tenancy. Polymorphism is an OOP concept; Abstraction hides complexity but doesn’t inherently share resources.
Question 7.7
Which is an example of NoSQL Database?
A.MongoDB
B.MS Access
C.SQL Server
D.Amazon Aurora
Correct Answer: A – MongoDB
MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database. MS Access and SQL Server are relational (SQL) databases from Microsoft. Amazon Aurora is a cloud-hosted relational database service from AWS (compatible with MySQL/PostgreSQL). Only MongoDB is NoSQL.
Question 7.8
What is Big Data?
A.All Data is Big Data
B.Data which is more than 50 TB
C.Only structured data
D.A massive volume of both structured and unstructured data
Correct Answer: D – A massive volume of both structured and unstructured data
Big Data is characterized by the 3Vs (Volume, Velocity, Variety) — it includes both structured (tables, databases) and unstructured data (social media, videos, sensor streams) at massive scale. It is not defined by a specific size threshold (50 TB) nor limited to structured data only.
Question 7.9
Cluster is ________________ in cloud computing
A.Data item that passes between ZigBee devices
B.Group of attributes
C.Group of commands
D.None of the above
Correct Answer: B – Group of attributes
In ZigBee (and by extension in IoT cluster computing context), a cluster is a group of related attributes. In ZigBee terminology specifically, a cluster defines a collection of attributes and commands (e.g., On/Off cluster, Level Control cluster). Option A describes a ZigBee message/frame, not a cluster.
Question 7.10
HVAC (already covered in Sensors chapter) — See Q6.14
This question has been covered in Chapter 6 (Q6.14) as it relates to building systems. Refer there for the answer and justification.
Question 7.11
IoT Platform Cloud service: Which is not TRUE?
(Covered in Q7.3 above — Cloud services and IoT Platforms are distinct/different. Answer: TRUE.)
Chapter 8: IoT Hardware, Gateways & Connectivity 7 Questions
Question 8.1
Do Arduino provide an IDE Environment?
A.TRUE
B.FALSE
Correct Answer: A – TRUE
Arduino provides the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) — a free, open-source desktop application for writing, compiling, and uploading code to Arduino boards. It is one of the reasons Arduino became popular for IoT prototyping.
Question 8.2
ESP8266 is
A.WiFi module
B.Sensor
C.Board
D.USB cable
Correct Answer: A – WiFi module
The ESP8266 is a low-cost WiFi microchip/module with full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability, widely used in IoT projects to add WiFi connectivity. It is not a pure sensor, it is more than a cable, and while it has a microcontroller, it is primarily known as a WiFi module.
Question 8.3
A proxy between IoT devices and data center
A.Node
B.Cloud
C.Gateway
D.None
Correct Answer: C – Gateway
An IoT Gateway acts as an intermediary (proxy) between edge IoT devices and the cloud/data center. It performs protocol translation, local data processing (edge computing), filtering, and security functions. A Node is a device endpoint; Cloud is the destination, not the intermediary.
Question 8.4
What is the role of Gateway in smart grid architecture of IoT?
A.Store data
B.Manage data
C.Collect data
D.Security
Correct Answer: C – Collect data
In a smart grid IoT architecture, the gateway’s primary role is to aggregate and collect data from multiple field devices (sensors, meters) and forward it upstream. Data storage happens in the cloud; data management is a platform function; security is a feature, not the primary role of the gateway.
Question 8.5
One gateway can have
A.Only one node
B.Multiple nodes
C.Only 2 nodes
D.Only 5 nodes
Correct Answer: B – Multiple nodes
An IoT gateway is designed to aggregate data from many edge nodes (sensors, devices) simultaneously — potentially dozens to thousands. Limiting it to 1, 2, or 5 nodes would defeat the purpose of a gateway as an aggregation point. Multiple nodes is the correct and scalable answer.
Question 8.6
IoT gateway sits at the interaction of Edge systems?
A.True
B.False
Correct Answer: A – True
The IoT gateway sits at the edge of the network, at the intersection between local edge systems (devices, sensors) and the broader cloud/internet infrastructure. This edge positioning enables local data processing, reduces latency, and minimizes bandwidth requirements to the cloud.
Question 8.7
Choose incorrect statement about UART (moved here from Ch5 as hardware protocol)
See Question 5.6 — UART is covered in Chapter 5. The incorrect statement is that “UART is similar to MQTT” (C). UART is hardware-level; MQTT is application-level.
Chapter 9: IoT Security 2 Questions
Question 9.1
A serious DDoS Mirai botnet attack hijacked 100,000+ IP-addressable IoT devices to target Dyn’s DNS, disrupting Twitter, Amazon, Reddit and Spotify. What was the crucial root cause?
A.IoT device users failed to change default factory passwords
B.Open Internet connections
C.Personal data was compromised with Hackers
D.None of the above
Correct Answer: A – IoT device users failed to change default factory passwords
The 2016 Mirai botnet specifically exploited IoT devices (cameras, routers, DVRs) that still had factory-default username/password combinations. The malware scanned the internet for these devices and infected them. Open connections and data compromise were consequences, not the root cause — the primary vulnerability was unchanged default credentials.
Question 9.2
Which among is a challenge faced by IoT industry (security-related)
A.ROI, Security and lack of standards
B.Hardware becoming cheaper and more powerful
C.Penetration of internet and advancement in AI
D.None
Correct Answer: A – ROI, Security and lack of standards
Security is explicitly one of the three major challenges identified (alongside ROI uncertainty and absence of unified standards). The Mirai attack (Q9.1) demonstrates how real this security challenge is. Options B and C represent opportunities and enablers for IoT, not challenges.