1. Design a Highly Available and Scalable Web Application with Auto Scaling and Load Balancing
- How would you design a web application using EC2 instances that is both highly available and scalable?
- What considerations should be made for placement groups, load balancers (ALB vs. NLB), and auto scaling policies?
2. Implementing a Serverless Architecture with AWS Lambda
- How would you design a serverless architecture for a data processing pipeline using AWS Lambda?
- What are the best practices for handling cold starts, memory allocation, and concurrency limits?
3. Containerized Applications with ECS and EKS
- Compare and contrast AWS ECS and EKS for container orchestration.
- How would you design a hybrid container environment where some services run on ECS and others on EKS?
4. Cost Optimization of EC2 Instances
- How would you optimize costs for an EC2-based application while maintaining performance and availability?
- What strategies would you use for instance types, reserved instances, spot instances, and savings plans?
5. Secure and Isolated Environments with VPC and Security Groups
- How would you design a secure VPC with multiple subnets (public, private, isolated) for a multi-tier application?
- What security group rules would you implement to restrict access between different layers (e.g., DB, app, web)?
6. Disaster Recovery and Backup Strategy
- Design a disaster recovery plan for an EC2-based application using AWS services.
- What role do AMIs, snapshots, CloudFormation, and backups play in this strategy?
7. High Availability with EC2 Auto Scaling Groups
- How would you configure an Auto Scaling Group to maintain high availability across multiple AZs?
- What metrics would you monitor for scaling decisions (CPU, custom metrics, etc.)?
8. Performance Optimization for EC2 Instances
- What are the key factors to consider when optimizing the performance of EC2 instances?
- How would you tune instance types, disk I/O, and network configurations for a high-performance application?
9. Multi-Tier Application Architecture on AWS
- Design a multi-tier application (web, app, DB) using AWS services.
- What compute services would you use for each tier, and how would you ensure communication between them?
10. CI/CD Pipeline for EC2-Based Applications
- How would you set up a CI/CD pipeline for deploying applications to EC2 instances?
- What tools would you use (CodePipeline, CodeBuild, CloudFormation, Terraform)? How would you handle blue/green deployments?
11. Hybrid Cloud Compute Architecture
- How would you design a hybrid cloud solution where part of the compute runs on-premises and part on AWS?
- What AWS services would you use for connectivity (Direct Connect, VPN, AWS Outposts)?
12. Managing Stateful Workloads on AWS
- How would you manage stateful workloads on AWS, such as databases or session storage?
- What options are available for persistent storage (EBS, EFS, RDS, DynamoDB)?
13. Custom Compute Solutions with AWS Batch
- When would you choose AWS Batch over other compute services?
- How would you design a batch job execution system that supports parallel processing and job dependencies?
14. Real-Time Data Processing with AWS Fargate
- How would you use AWS Fargate to run real-time data processing tasks?
- What are the benefits of Fargate compared to EC2 or EKS?
15. Microservices Architecture with AWS
- How would you design a microservices architecture using AWS services?
- Which compute service would you choose (EC2, Fargate, EKS) for each microservice, and why?
16. Handling Sudden Traffic Spikes with Auto Scaling
- How would you design an application to handle sudden traffic spikes using Auto Scaling and Elastic Load Balancing?
- What are the trade-offs between different scaling policies (predictive, dynamic, scheduled)?
17. Monitoring and Observability for Compute Resources
- How would you monitor the health and performance of your compute resources?
- What AWS services would you use for logging (CloudWatch, X-Ray), metrics, and alerts?
18. Serverless vs. Traditional Compute Services
- In what scenarios would you prefer a serverless approach (Lambda, Step Functions) over traditional compute (EC2, ECS)?
- What are the limitations of serverless computing?
19. Secure Access to EC2 Instances
- How would you securely grant access to EC2 instances in a production environment?
- What are the best practices for SSH access, IAM roles, and bastion hosts?
20. Migration of On-Premises Workloads to AWS
- How would you migrate a legacy monolithic application to AWS using EC2?
- What challenges might you face, and how would you address them?
21. Global Application Deployment with AWS Regions and Edge Locations
- How would you deploy an application globally using AWS regions and edge locations?
- What compute services would you use for global load balancing and content delivery?
22. Efficient Use of Spot Instances for Cost Savings
- How would you design a cost-effective solution using spot instances?
- What are the risks, and how can they be mitigated (e.g., using fallback on-demand instances)?
23. Kubernetes Cluster Management with EKS
- How would you manage a Kubernetes cluster on AWS using EKS?
- What are the differences between managed and self-managed Kubernetes clusters?
24. Designing a Compute Infrastructure for Machine Learning
- How would you design a compute infrastructure for training and inference of machine learning models?
- What AWS compute services (EC2, GPU instances, SageMaker) would you use, and why?
25. Compliance and Governance for Compute Resources
- How would you enforce compliance and governance for compute resources in a large organization?
- What AWS services (Config, GuardDuty, SCPs) would you use for monitoring and enforcing policies?
