IT/OT convergence risks represent one of the most critical and rapidly evolving governance challenges facing boards of directors—especially in energy, utilities, manufacturing, transportation, and critical infrastructure sectors. As industrial operations increasingly integrate with enterprise IT systems (for efficiency, data analytics, and remote management), the attack surface expands, and traditional IT security models often fail to […]

Purdue Model Implementation Guide for OT Cybersecurity The Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA), or Purdue Model, provides a hierarchical framework for segmenting Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) networks. It ensures secure IT/OT convergence while protecting critical processes from cyber threats. Widely adopted in standards like ISA/IEC 62443, NIST SP 800-82, and Cisco/Rockwell’s

Purdue Model Levels: Detailed Breakdown The Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA), widely known as the Purdue Model, is a hierarchical framework for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) networks. Developed in the 1990s for manufacturing, it remains the gold standard in 2026 for secure IT/OT segmentation (referenced in ISA/IEC 62443, NIST SP 800-82,

claroty.com paloaltonetworks.com bxc-security.com researchgate.net linkedin.com oreilly.com Purdue Model Segmentation Details The Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA), commonly known as the Purdue Model, is a hierarchical framework developed in the 1990s for computer-integrated manufacturing and widely adopted for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) network segmentation. It guides secure IT/OT convergence by dividing networks

SCADA Network Segmentation Details Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems monitor and control industrial processes in critical infrastructure (e.g., power grids, water treatment, manufacturing, metals/mining). Segmentation isolates SCADA components to limit lateral movement during cyberattacks, prevent IT threats from reaching OT, and ensure availability/safety. It forms a core defense-in-depth strategy, aligned with frameworks like